The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious cup on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired twice late to seize a surprise lead. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the final seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 seasons.